1,107 research outputs found
Modelling Train Station Choice under Uncertainty for Park and Ride Users
This research develops a novel theoretical framework for modelling train station choice under uncertainty for park and ride users. Three uncertain factors, travel time to station, parking search time and crowding on trains, are modelled to estimate station choice probabilities, the risk attitudes of respondents and the preference heterogeneity of individuals. This study may support planning decisions on the location, price and capacity of P&R facilities, and provide evidence for evaluating P&R investment decisions
Estimation of Viscoelastic Properties of Cells Using Acoustic Tweezing Cytometry
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135346/1/jum201635122537.pd
Deep Operator Learning Lessens the Curse of Dimensionality for PDEs
Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved remarkable success in numerous
domains, and their application to PDE-related problems has been rapidly
advancing. This paper provides an estimate for the generalization error of
learning Lipschitz operators over Banach spaces using DNNs with applications to
various PDE solution operators. The goal is to specify DNN width, depth, and
the number of training samples needed to guarantee a certain testing error.
Under mild assumptions on data distributions or operator structures, our
analysis shows that deep operator learning can have a relaxed dependence on the
discretization resolution of PDEs and, hence, lessen the curse of
dimensionality in many PDE-related problems including elliptic equations,
parabolic equations, and Burgers equations. Our results are also applied to
give insights about discretization-invariant in operator learning
Two-dimensional hourglass Weyl nodal loop in monolayer Pb(ClO) and Sr(ClO)
The hourglass fermions in solid-state materials have been attracting
significant interest recently. However, realistic two-dimensional (2D)
materials with hourglass-shaped band structures are still very scarce. Here,
through the first-principles calculations, we identify the monolayer
Pb(ClO) and Sr(ClO) materials as the new realistic
materials platform to realize 2D hourglass Weyl nodal loop. We show that these
monolayer materials possess an hourglass Weyl nodal loop circling around the
point and Weyl nodal line on the Brillouin zone (BZ) boundary in the
absence of spin-orbit coupling (SOC). Through the symmetry analysis, we
demonstrate that the hourglass Weyl nodal loop and Weyl nodal line are
protected by the nonsymmorphic symmetries, and are robust under the biaxial
strains. When we include the SOC, a tiny gap will be opened in the hourglass
nodal loop and nodal line, and the nodal line can be transformed into the
spin-orbit Dirac points. Our results provide a new realistic material platform
for studying the intriguing physics associated with the 2D hourglass Weyl nodal
loop and spin-orbit Dirac points.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, Accepted for publication in New Journal of
Physic
Effects of Preparation Conditions on the Yield and Embedding Ratio of Vinyl Silicone Oil Microcapsules
Self-healing materials could repair themselves without external influences when they are damaged. In this paper, microcapsules are prepared by in-situ polymerization method, utilizing vinyl silicone oil as core material, polyurea formaldehyde as wall material and polyvinyl alcohol as dispersant. The morphology and structure of the microcapsules are tested with scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy and laser particle analyzer. Effect of the reaction temperature, stirring speed and polyvinyl alcohol concentration on the yield, embedding ratio, particle size and its distribution are studied. Results show that the microcapsules can be successfully prepared by in-situ polymerization method. Under the reaction condition of temperature 60 °C, stirring speed 1000 r/min, dispersant concentration 0.1 wt.%, the yield and embedding ratio of the microcapsule are found to be 52.5 % and 50.1 %, respectively. The prepared microcapsules have smooth surface, good dispersibility, narrow particle size distribution and the average particle size is 13 μm
Apelin receptor homodimer-oligomers revealed by single-molecule imaging and novel G protein-dependent signaling
The apelin receptor (APJ) belongs to family A of the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and is a potential pharmacotherapeutic target for heart failure, hypertension, and other cardiovascular diseases. There is evidence APJ heterodimerizes with other GPCRs; however, the existence of APJ homodimers and oligomers remains to be investigated. Here, we measured APJ monomer-homodimer-oligomer interconversion by monitoring APJ dynamically on cells and compared their proportions, spatial arrangement, and mobility using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, resonance energy transfer, and proximity biotinylation. In cells with <0.3 receptor particles/μm2, approximately 60% of APJ molecules were present as dimers or oligomers. APJ dimers were present on the cell surface in a dynamic equilibrium with constant formation and dissociation of receptor complexes. Furthermore, we applied interference peptides and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry to confirm APJ homo-dimer and explore the dimer-interfaces. Peptides corresponding to transmembrane domain (TMD)1, 2, 3, and 4, but not TMD5, 6, and 7, disrupted APJ dimerization. APJ mutants in TMD1 and TMD2 also decreased bioluminescence resonance energy transfer of APJ dimer. APJ dimerization resulted in novel functional characteristics, such as a distinct G-protein binding profile and cell responses after agonist stimulation. Thus, dimerization may serve as a unique mechanism for fine-tuning APJ-mediated functions
Hapln2 in neurological diseases and its potential as therapeutic target
Hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 2 (Hapln2) is important for the binding of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans to hyaluronan. Hapln2 deficiency leads to the abnormal expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and dysfunctional neuronal conductivity, demonstrating the vital role of Hapln2 in these processes. Studies have revealed that Hapln2 promotes the aggregation of α-synuclein, thereby contributing to neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease (PD), and it was recently suggested to be in intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Additionally, the expression levels of Hapln2 showed lower in the anterior temporal lobes of individuals with schizophrenia than those of healthy subjects. Together, these studies implicate the involvement of Hapln2 in the pathological processes of neurological diseases. A better understanding of the function of Hapln2 in the central nervous system (CNS) will provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of these diseases and help to establish promising therapeutic strategies. Herein, we review the recent progress in defining the role of Hapln2 in brain physiology and pathology
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